Roberto Bolano’s 2666

I’m rereading Roberto Bolano’s 2666, and I love this passage so much I’m going to share it with you:

“It was raining in the quadrangle, and the quadrangular sky looked like the grimace of a robot or a god made in our own likeness. The oblique drops of rain slid down the blades of grass in the park, but it would have made no difference if they had slid up. Then the oblique (drops) turned round (drops), swallowed up by the earth underpinning the grass, and the grass and the earth seemed to talk, no, not talk, argue, their incomprehensible words like crystallized spiderwebs or the briefest crystallized vomitings, a barely audible rustling, as if instead of drinking tea that afternoon, Norton had drunk a steaming cup of peyote.

But the truth is that she had only had tea to drink and she felt overwhelmed, as if a voice were repeating a terrible prayer in her ear, the words of which blurred as she walked away form the college, and the rain wetted her gray skirt and bony knees and pretty ankles and little else, because before Liz Norton went running through the park, she hadn’t forgotten to pick up her umbrella.”

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“Making a Literary Life”

This is from “Making a Literary Life,” by Carolyn See:

“Your ego is a big, messy, undisciplined, anxiety-ridden dog. It barks and whines and pees on the floor and sheds all over the furniture and takes nips at passing strangers and goes crazy when it see another dog that might be bigger or smarter or prettier. This dog — at least in my experience — is untrainable. The only thing you can do is try to keep it on a fairly short leash.”

“I’ve seen writers misbehave, and God knows I’ve misbehaved myself. I’ve watched distinguished authors show up at conferences only to storm off, saying: ‘I’m used to at least being the keynote speaker!’ Or, ‘I’m not used to being seated below the salt!’”

“And I’ve seen writers pitch hissy fits because their eight hundred words on county welfare have been edited down to seven hundred or some phrases have been changed or their piece appears ‘in the back of the magazine’ or ‘below the fold’ in a newspaper, when in actual fact they should be sobbing with joy that they managed to get into print at all. But big, shedding, slobbering dogs don’t possess humility or irony or any sense of what we are pleased to call ‘reality.’”

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How To Give Up A Novel

Spend four hours reading your novel.

Feel abjectly depressed about its suckitude.

Wrestle with 1) the feeling that you should give it up 2) the feeling that you have nothing else going for you.

Mope around the house. Frown at your twins.

Rethink your life and career. Consider being a house husband and nothing else. Consider being a carnie, or running away with a circus.

Confess to your wife, when she arrives home, the wife who has patiently supported you through the years, that you are throwing away the last five years of work.

Marvel at her ability not to freak out at this news. Go workout. Do a crazy intense treadmill exercise for 50 minutes, include lunges, running backwards uphill, and running at 10 mph. Get close to collapsing. Drench even your socks in sweat. Blow out all the synapses of the last five years. Wipe the slate clean.

Come back home. The twins are asleep. The wife goes to bed. Start your new novel. Write 4,000 words in the next 4 hours. CPR the dream.

Posted in How to Give Up a Novel | 3 Comments

Walden, a Video Game about Henry David Thoreau

If you’ve ever wanted to play a first-person game based on Thoreau’s Walden, here’s your chance. The teaser below shows some clips from the game where you try to live like Thoreau:

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Should I Go To Grad School?

From an article by Joshua Rothman in The New Yorker about whether or not to go to Graduate School:

Last week, one of my college friends, who now manages vast sums at a hedge fund, visited me. He’s the most rational person I know, so I asked him how he would go about deciding whether to go to grad school in a discipline like English or comparative literature. He dealt immediately with the sample bias problem by turning toward statistics. His first step, he said, would be to ignore the stories of individual grad students, both good and bad. Their experiences are too variable and path-dependent, and their stories are too likely to assume an unwarranted weight in our minds. Instead, he said, he would focus on the “base rates”: that is, on the numbers that give you a broad statistical picture of outcomes from graduate school in the humanities. What percentage of graduate students end up with tenure? (About one in four.) How much more unhappy are graduate students than other people? (About fifty-four per cent of graduate students report feeling so depressed they have “a hard time functioning,” as opposed to ten per cent of the general population.) To make a rational decision, he told me, you have to see the big picture, because your experience is likely to be typical, rather than exceptional. “If you take a broader view of the profession,” he told me, “it seems like a terrible idea to go to graduate school.”

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Interview with Peter Levine, author of “The Appearance of a Hero”

Peter Levine recently published “The Appearance of a Hero,” a collection of linked short stories revolving around the central character of Tom Mahoney. In an unusual move, none of the stories are told from Tom’s perspective, but only from the perspective of those surrounding him. It’s really a fantastic collection — alternating between tender and severe, filled with people that you know and that you want to know better. BookFox caught up with Levine across email and had this interview.

BookFox: The through-line character in this collection, Tom Mahoney, is a former athlete. Did famous characters who were former athletes (I’m thinking specifically of Updike’s Rabbit), affect the way Tom took shape?

Levine: No—there were no fictional models for Tom, though he did, in part, grow out of real guys I’ve known, and their being former athletes are part in parcel of this archetype.

I love in “For the Reception to Follow,” how you have Tom’s neighbor Ben speculate on the importance of sports in the future, how they will supplant the nation-state and replace religion. It’s a funny, tongue-in-cheek suggestion, but one that highlights Tom’s inability to assume the mantle of the athlete-hero. What’s your experience with sports, and how did that feed into the veneration of sports figures in these stories?

This is a funny question for me because I am one of the few men I know who has no interest in watching or following sports. There’s this line in Richard Ford’s The Sportswriter where Frank Bascombe says something about how if you’re a man in America, you probably know all you need to be a sportswriter. It’s so true! In Chicago, where I’m from, it was the Cubs or the Sox, the Bulls, of course, and then later in college (I went to UW-Madison), sports—football in particular—was a major part of life.

One of the things I observed, sort of as an outsider, is the kind of reverence and infatuation men feel towards athletes. I’m not talking about the cultural worship of professional athletes, but the special case of the star high school athlete, or the collegiate athlete, which is what Tom Mahoney was.

What’s unique for this guy is that he has no competition among his peers. He’s the biggest celebrity in his world. When you’re older, you’ve got your famous athletes, but you’ve also got your internet tycoons, your movie stars, your Nobel Laureates, whatever. But there’s something about the adulation a young athlete receives, and in particular, the adulation he receives from his guy friends.

That’s part of what I was examining in the book with Tom and the men around him. Though his playing days are over, they continue to fawn over Tom, and they do so in a way that seems particular to men.

Why is Tom’s story always told from the perspective of other characters, and how do you think that changes our perspective of him?

This was somewhat unintentional, or at least, subconscious. It was something I realized only much later, when all the stories were strung together. But Tom is an elusive guy—a lot of the stories deal with people trying to get a read on him. By providing an entry-point through other characters, and never through Tom himself, it enhances that elusiveness and reflects the fact that his life never solidifies in the way he’d like for it to. It also allowed me to paint him in different ways—sometimes a failure, other times heroic, other times sort of swimming through his own life, and it seemed that a closer, more fixed treatment might not allow for that.

How was your process of finding an agent and a publisher?

The overall process—that is to say, the process from when I first sent a completed manuscript out into the world years ago—was pretty typical (though it felt uniquely bad to me): it involved a lot of rejection and took a lot longer than I’d expected or hoped.

With that said, for this book, the process was shorter and less painful. The agent part happened fairly quickly after I began to circulate the manuscript.

As far as finding a publisher, that took a bit longer—a couple months. Initially, it was very quiet, but then a few passes started coming in and a few notes of interest. My editor—George Witte at St. Martin’s Press—wrote to say that he had read the book and wanted to share it with his colleagues. That took some time. But shortly thereafter, he was able to make an offer, and we took it.

How would you define literary success? Literary failure?

That’s a hard question. I’ve always thought of writing success along the lines of the actor who’s able to get consistent work. I guess my first instinct would be to say that, for me, literary success would be having the work you send out published.

Literary failure: that’s tough. Giving up prematurely (and “premature” in the writing world seems to have a different definition)—that’s one form of failure. And then there’s the regular failure that comes with doing everything you can and just never getting lucky. Frankly, I think that’s one of the most haunting things writers have to contend with.

What’s your current project?

I’m working on a longer piece based on a group of Stanford scientists who did a project for the CIA in the ’70s involving remote viewing, which was basically the idea that someone can be on one side of the world but see something else happening anywhere else on the planet in real time. It’s weird, but I’m having fun with it, though I’m not sure, at 15,000 words, if it counts as a story or what. Anyhow, I’m just trying to go with it.

Posted in Interview, Peter Levine, The Appearance of a Hero | Leave a comment

33 Mistakes You Can Make While Attempting To Write A Short Story

  1. Trying to cram a novella into the space of a short story
  2. Knowing that you’ve tried to cram a novella into the space of a short story space yet refusing to write the novella
  3. Writing five, non-overlapping drafts without reaching a workable story
  4. Reading “Heart of Darkness” eight times while writing this story before realizing that “Heart of Darkness” has nothing to do with this story
  5. Getting this short story idea from an idea your friends had to do a documentary, an idea for which they made you sign a non-disclosure agreement
  6. Telling other people that you’re still working on this story rather than just shutting up about it and finishing it
  7. Trying to cram in too much back story rather than allowing it to come forward organically during the course of scenes
  8. Failing to realize who your main character is
  9. Changing your main character, then returning to the former main character, then flip-flopping again
  10. Using your main characters to tell the story of other, off-screen characters
  11. Raising the stakes so high that there is no space for nuance, for the unsaid, for delicate emotional shifts
  12. Believing that this story will be “the one” to give you your big break
  13. Reneging on your belief that this story will be “the one”
  14. Writing from your head rather than from your heart
  15. Thinking, though you would never admit it to yourself, that an exotic setting and adventuresome concept will carry the story
  16. Relying upon the pyrotechnics of plot to carry a story rather than the intricate inner mechanisms of the human heart
  17. Attempting present tense
  18. Slipping into present tense after changing to past tense
  19. Writing each draft from a different POV
  20. Believing that all of this is a waste if you don’t produce a workable draft, even though you will use everything you’ve learned to write your next story
  21. Favoring vocal, visual conflict rather than the slow, subtle simmer of real arguments
  22. Researching the impossible, such as a place that has only been visited twice in recorded history
  23. Feeling so disgusted by a draft that you don’t touch it for a year before you read it again and realize that it was much worse than you thought and waiting another six months to attempt a third draft
  24. Giving this screwed up story to a fellow writer to read, a writer who is a great writer and hasn’t read anything of yours in five years, a writer you should want to impress so they will want to exchange work with you in the future
  25. Postponing work on other stories to rehash this one again
  26. Cramming in what the reader needs to know rather than letting the mystery unfold naturally
  27. Giving half of what is now a thirty-four page short story to your writing group, who critique it so fairly and correctly and devastatingly that you know the entire thing is a failure, and then not working on it for almost another year
  28. Loving this story so much that you spend two week-long writing retreats, one in a private cabin on the Rogue River in Oregon and the other in a rented house in Big Bear, writing drafts two and three
  29. Letting your ideologies get in the way of letting humans be human on the page.
  30. Loving this story so much that you keep reviving it, even though every time you stop working on it you clearly label it with a “Do Not Resuscitate”
  31. Believing that each of the five, non-overlapping drafts have been failures rather than a part of the process
  32. Publicizing all your mistakes online
  33. Starting, from scratch, your sixth draft
Posted in Short Story Mistakes, Writing Short Stories | Leave a comment

Publishers of Short Story Collections

I’ve added a new page for short story collection publishers in the right sidebar. This isn’t meant as a substitute for the legwork necessary to determine where to send your collection — the best research is to check the publisher of your favorite collections — but hopefully it might help some people at the beginning of their submission process.

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Garrett Calcaterra on E-books and E-publishing

Garrett Calcaterra is a fantastic editor and writer. I should know: I’ve been in a writing group with him for the last five years. I’ve got a lot of respect for him because he works harder than anyone else I know, both at writing literary fiction and fantasy/speculative fiction, not to mention all the editing he does on the side. This week he dropped his third novel — Dreamwielder, a fantasy novel – which is being released as an e-book by Diversion Books. I caught up with him to ask him about his journey to publication and the current landscape in e-publishing.

Will you describe your publisher and why you chose them?

My agent and I decided to go with Diversion Books, an e-book only publisher. When the big, traditional genre publishers passed on Dreamwielder, our choice was to either go with a smaller indy traditional press or go with Diversion. It wasn’t an easy choice. I’m a bit of a traditionalist when it comes to books—I like to hold the real deal in my hands as a reader—and as an author, the dream is always to see your book on bookshelves in proper bookstores. Realistically though, I knew none of the smaller presses would be able to get wide distribution of the book in print since I’m a relatively unknown author, and the thought of my book slowly dying the death of anonymity and bookstore returns wasn’t all that appealing. Diversion has a great relationship with the e-book vendors, and they know the business of moving copies, as evidenced by their low price point of three bucks for a book. Because Dreamwielder is a fantasy novel written for mass consumption, the choice was pretty obvious when I looked at it rationally: Diversion gave me the best shot to reach a wide audience. So far, so good. The experience has been wonderful. Their editors and staff have been super professional and a joy to work with, and they move fast! With a traditional press, you’d be looking at a year or two after signing a contract before the book finally hits shelves. I just signed my contract with Diversion back in December and the book is already out four months later. Crazy!

What do you see as the advantages of e-publishing?

The most obvious advantage is the low cost and low risk. Publishers no longer have to pony up thousands of dollars to do a print run of a book and then ship it out to retailers with the guarantee of reimbursing for returns. This allows publisher to take a shot on unknown authors and test them out, so to speak. In the same way, it lowers the price of books and allows readers to test out new authors without much risk. It’s a win-win situation for everyone. I think we’ll see the ratio of e-books to print books start to even out over the next year, and my educated guess is that we’ll see more authors going the same route I’m going—get your foot in the door with an e-book publisher or imprint, and then if you can show some proven sales, you’ll earn a print run and wide distribution in brick and mortar stores. Barnes & Noble might go tits up eventually, but I’m confident that there will always be bookstores and people will still want to buy books in print from their favorite authors.

 

What do you think Amazon, Google, and Apple might do if authors start cutting out the vendor en masse?

Frankly, I’m not too concerned about any of the big vendors—they’re doing just fine and will continue to do so. Even once more authors and publishers start selling e-books directly from their websites, I still see the majority of downloads going through the big online retailers. It’s simply easier to download directly to your Kindle from the Kindle store. Having said that, I’m sure Amazon, Google, and Apple will still participate in all kinds of borderline illegal tactics to get a competitive edge. Apple already got busted for colluding with publishers, Amazon handcuffed thousands of authors with its KDP Select program, and Google is at the forefront of outright stealing thousands of copyrighted works by claiming they’re “orphaned works.” These are the sort of things authors, publishers, readers, and lawmakers need to keep an eye on. I’m very free-market minded when it comes to books. The more options we have when it comes to publishing books as authors, and buying books as readers, the healthier the book world will be.

I know you write both literary fiction and genre fiction — do you think the e-publishing world might work differently for those types of writing?

No, I think they work pretty much the same. No matter what you’re writing—genre fiction, literary fiction, YA novels, memoir, non-fiction—it’s all about having a platform and building a following. You’re selling a product and you have to market it as such in this competitive marketplace. So, for a literary novel or collection, your target audience is going to be different, and your branding as an author will have a different look and feel, but the process is the same. Luckily for me, speculative fiction readers are traditionally very open-minded and avid readers, so I’m not too concerned about starting out publishing genre books and then veering over into the literary world from time to time. If Dreamwielder does well and readers like it, they’ll happily give my next novel a whirl, even if it is largely a literary novel and the speculative fiction components are minimal. That’s my hope, at least!

How have you used downloadable short stories to promote your novels?

Well, I don’t know how successful I’ve been at it so far, but the idea is to have a lot of material available to readers and to try and build a larger readership. It all boils down to trying to find a larger audience; that’s why authors write after all, is to have people read and enjoy their creations. By offering short reads at a cheap price directly from my website, my goal is to introduce new readers to my work. The reality of it is, though, there are a lot of choices out there for readers—including many non-reading activities like the accursed game Words with Friends—so it’s no easy chore trying to grab the attention of new readers. My hope is that the e-book singles store and my full-length novels end up being a two way street. If I can lure some readers into the singles store with a free promo and they fall in love with my writing, awesome, they’ll likely go buy one of my books. Conversely, if someone finds one of my books on Amazon and enjoys it, maybe they’ll do a Google search to find my website and download a few of my stories. I make few bucks that way, and the reader stays satiated while I scramble to finish up that next novel.

And what is that next novel?

My new work in progress is a near future literary/spec-fic novel tentatively titled Remember the Future. Unlike Dreamwielder, which is a sprawling tale with a dozen or so viewpoint characters, Remember the Future is a tight, close character story. The main premise is that my protagonist, Cabel, is trying to make it as a hi-tech homesteader along with his wife and son, but a series of problems besiege them, everything from devastating weather and water shortage to infidelity and a growing lack of trust in their marriage. Punctuating all of this is the son’s spotty clairvoyance, which functions as a MacGuffin to stoke Cabel’s insecurity. Ultimately, Cabel has to figure out his life and problems just like anyone else; there’s no predicting the future. I’m very excited about it. It’s one of those rare cases for me, where I feel like this is the story I have to be telling right now. We’ll see how it comes out. Afterward, maybe there’ll be a sequel to Dreamwielder in store for me. Who knows? Thanks so much for having me!

Posted in Dreamwielder, Garrett Calcaterra | 1 Comment

A Guide to Interpreting Literary Journal Submission Guidelines

Free Online Submission

Interpretation: We really like you and respect you. There are diamonds in the slush pile and we want to find them. It’s virtually free for us to accept online submissions so we won’t charge you on some trumped up charge. We get undergrads and MFA students to wade through all the slush for free anyways, so labor costs aren’t exactly a problem. English/Writing programs are cash cows for universities, so it’s ever so nice they throw back a pittance of that money for a literary journal. Please send us your work and we will treat it fairly.

Avatar: The Saint

$2 Online Submission

Interpretation: We really hate having to charge for this. We really do. If we could, we wouldn’t charge at all. And we’re one of the few that understands that $2 is much closer to what people actually pay for snail mail (it’s actually more like $1.50 to send through the postal service), but we still apologize.

Avatar: The Annoying but Good-Hearted Neighbor

$3 Online Submission

Interpretation: Our university cut our funding by 70%. The Administration thinks every journal should be self-supporting, and the Dean who is a business guru doesn’t believe in the humanities unless they generate cash. Cash being the only measure of goodness in the world, obviously. Plus, we get too many submissions already and want only the truly serious to submit to us, even if most of those crazy enough to fork over $3 every submission are literary stalkers and desperate and talentless. Also, we want to make money off the backs of writers, because writers are a group with high hopes that can be exploited easily. Lastly, even after we receive your fee, do not believe that it entitles you to any kind of prompt response — the fee merely covers the privilege of submitting, not the reply. We might offer a written response to a large percentage of submitters to make them think they were close and prod them to submit again. If we’re a big journal, we’re trying to raise money; if we’re a small journal we have an inflated ego. Lastly, we have to charge this fee because it hurts our eyes to read things online (it’s hurting us even to write this, my preciousmy precious!) and so we print out every single submission we receive (*We don’t. But it sounds good*).

Avatar: The Shark

$5 – $20 Submission Fees

Interpretation: We are a small clan, but take great pleasure in economically raping vulnerable writers. After sending tsunamis of form rejections and making snow angels in piles of money, we drink the blood of children.

Avatar: The Vampire

Contest Submissions Only

Interpretation: We want to take advantage of writers’ desire to gamble. It’s not a submission fee if you could possibly win ONE MILLION dollars. Or something with a few less zeros. If we include a free issue of our journal, we can hike up the fee to $25. In a non-profit field, we have figured out how to be a for-profit venture.

Avatar: The Venture Capitalist

Print Submission Only

Interpretation: We hate the internet and we hate internet culture. Life was better before television and texting and maybe even the radio. We also have no desire to read the slush pile and wish people would stop sending us manuscripts because we get everything we need from agents. We still accept submissions because people only subscribe to our journal because they want to appear in our journal, and we aren’t dumb enough to shoot all our subscribers in the heart. Even if we turn into an online publication, we will still only accept manuscripts by the U.S. Postal Service, and the irony of this will escape us. We don’t believe in having a website made or updated in the last eight years and if we have a halfway decent website we don’t give away our stories for free on it.

Avatar: The Geriatric

Posted in Uncategorized | 7 Comments

Brian Evenson’s Tips for MFA Applications

Brian Evenson, the director of Brown University’s MFA program and an excellent writer (I gave love to his collection Fugue State), recently finished reading a wheelbarrow full of MFA applications. He saw plenty of mistakes, and handed out some free advice on Facebook. With his permission, I reprint his advice here.

Advice for Future MFA applicants by Brian Evenson

Now that I’ve almost read through this year’s batch, here’s the advice I’d give off the top of my head to future MFA fiction applicants. Most of the applicants were interesting people and trying hard and it’s deeply appreciated, particularly when I’m reading so many applications. I don’t think any of the applications I read this year had a single malicious bone in their body. But here are a few things that I would want to be told if I was thinking about applying. Please feel free to steal, revise, mutilate, or dispute:

1. Turn in your very best piece of fiction. This really, really matters to me, more than anything else. If I love a piece of writing, I will fight for it, and am willing to overlook a multitude of other sins.

2. Better to turn in one shorter excellent piece than a good piece and one bad one. Don’t turn in work just to max out the page limit. And if you’re finding yourself trying to cram all sorts of things into the page limit by changing the font and single-spacing, then step back and take a deep breath and think again.

3. Don’t try to pretend you’re something you’re not. Most of you don’t, and those of you who do don’t do it maliciously, but just kind of slowly convince yourself into it as you write and rewrite your application. Look, it’s easy to tell if you’re faking. So don’t fake.

4. Be honest, but “we’re dating and getting serious” honest rather than either “First date honest” or “Now that you’ve proposed, here’s all the stuff you need to know about me (like the fact that I killed my first wife)” honest. You can and should talk about your struggles and successes and trials and etc., but in moderation.

5. In the personal statement, write about yourself in a way that allows us to get a real sense of you and the way you are now, right now, and where you’re going. If you feel you have to go back to childhood to do that, that’s okay, but if I go away with a better sense of how you were when you were in 2nd grade (or whatever) than how you are now, that’s not good.

6. Read interesting things and learn how to talk about them in interesting ways. Read, read, read. And read eccentrically. Take chances. There’s no reason, no matter what your job or your circumstances, that you shouldn’t be reading an interesting book every week or two, and that’ll do a great deal for your development as a writer and as a person. It’s okay to let us know what books led you to writing, but better if we find out what books you continue to go back to and who you’re interested in now.

7. Don’t pretend to have read something that you haven’t read. Don’t google the faculty at a program and then try to include a line in your personal statement that suggests what their book is about. This rarely works, and as a result usually does more harm than good.

8. We’re interested in knowing what makes you unique, but within reason. And even if you have a great set of experiences and are incredibly interesting and we’d love to have an 8-hour long coffee with you to learn about your experiences running Substance D. from the American camp to the Norwegian camp in Antarctica, if your writing sample isn’t good enough you won’t get in. There comes a time when you need to choose to work on the writing instead of getting life experience as a carny.

9. If you already have an advanced degree, you have to explain convincingly why you want to get another, and why we should give this opportunity to you rather than to someone else. If you already have a PhD, we need to be convinced that this is the right thing for you and for us, and that you’re not just collecting degrees. But, honestly, the default acceptances for MFAs is usually (but not always) someone who doesn’t yet have an advanced degree. We’ve taken people with advanced degrees in our program, but it’s very much the exception rather than the rule.

10. If you already have a book out, same thing. Are you serious about improving your writing or do you want to treat this as a sort of an artist colony? If the latter, well, I’d suggest an artist colony: they’ll feed you, and we usually won’t. If I get the impression that you want to get the MFA mainly to have a teaching credential, that can be one or more strikes against you.

11. MFA programs make mistakes. We don’t always see the potential of people, which may be partly our fault and partly your own. Do everything you can when you put together your application to make sure that the fault is on our side rather than yours. But also remember: any really good program ends up with many more people they’d like to admit than they actually can admit. When it comes down to that final cut, it’s very very hard, and we’ll have to let people go who, ideally, we’d love to have come. So, if you don’t get in, don’t take it as a judgement. To our shame, we’ve turned down many great writers before, and probably will again. But fingers crossed that it won’t be you…

Posted in Brian Evenson, MFA Applications | 5 Comments

The Novel and History

Elizabeth Costello, a character in the eponymous novel by J.M. Coetzee, on the purpose of the novel and how it compares to history:

“The novel, the traditional novel, she goes on to say, is an attempt to understand human fate one case at a time, to understand how it comes about that some fellow being, having started at point A and having undergone experiences B and C and D, ends up at point Z. Like history, the novel is thus an exercise in making the past coherent. Like history, it explores the respective contributions of character and circumstance to forming the present. By doing so, the novel suggests how we may explore the power of the present to produce the future. That is why we have this thing, this institution, this medium called the novel.”

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Marilynne Robinson on Intuition

Marilynne Robinson, in her latest collection of essays, When I Was a Child I Read Booksexplores how to create a character:

For me, at least, writing consists very largely of exploring intuition. A character is really the sense of a character, embodied, attired, and given voice as he or she seems to require. Where does this creature come from? From watching, I suppose. From reading emotional significance in gestures and inflections, as we do all the time. These moments of intuitive recognition float free from their particular occasions and recombine themselves into nonexistent people the writer and, if all goes well, the reader feel they know. There is a great difference, in fiction and in life, between knowing someone and knowing about someone. When a writer knows about his character he is writing for plot. When he knows his character he is writing to explore, to feel reality on a set of nerves somehow not quite his own.

Posted in Marilynne Robinson | 1 Comment

Religious Fiction

This is the way that Paul Elie, in an essay in the New York Times, describes the state of faith in novels:

“Belief as upbringing, belief as social fact, belief as a species of American weirdness: our literary fiction has all of these things. All that is missing is the believer.”

I’d call what Paul Elie is describing as “nonreligious religious” fiction. This fiction bears all the markers of religion—churches, people, prejudices, rituals—yet none of the reasoning or reflection. Belief forms part of the matrix, but only as yet another cultural artifact, taking an equal place alongside politics, sex, and power (To use the terms of postmodernism, it is a petite narrative rather than a metanarrative). It has no supernatural, no redemptive or transformative power (Elie says it has no “explanatory” power). In this type of fiction, the religious more frequently lean toward evil than good. Although characters might define their identity by a religious marker, this marker offers no weight, makes no positive demands, and poses no thorny conundrums. It’s religion, neutered.

The patron saint of such nonreligious religious writing is J.G. Powers, who, although he wrote almost exclusively about Catholic men of the cloth, focused on their external factors rather than the internal, the desire for promotion and petty jealousy rather than the internal movements of faith. What you have are short stories with all the trappings of religion but none of its power. Even though the characters are religious, what is at stake is not. The effect ends up being a rather harsh critique of these saints, who are defenseless without any rich inner life to bolster them.

Elie rightly points out Marilynne Robinson as a counterpoint to his theory, for both in Gilead and in Home she presents a religious character in the round, making her normal character likeable in his full flush of religious beliefs. Far fewer novelists follow her lead because it’s just too difficult, as Elie points out: “The writer realizes just how hard it is to make belief believable.” It’s much easier, from a craft point of view, to write about Anarchristians (the word alone represents so many delicious narrative possibilities) than it is to write about a normal, unexceptional believer. This is why so many missionary stories end up with the missionary committing suicide, abandoning faith, or illicit sex—because in narrative, it’s much easier to represent a fall from holiness than it is to have a revered, holy figure increase in holiness.

How did we get here?

This state isn’t unique to fiction, for religious thought has been exiled to our cultural margins. It makes people extremely uncomfortable to discuss religious positions—it’s much easier to talk about sex, politics, and even money—and that discomfort in life has spilled over into fiction. At least in certain quadrants of society, the mantle of “don’t ask, don’t tell” has been shifted to the shoulders of a new population—the religious.

Where do we go?

I cannot envision a resurrection of realist religious fiction. Marilynne Robinson aside, I cannot even image its possibility. The power and the future of religious fiction lies in the surreal, in the strange, in the magical, in the mysterious. Some of my favorite writers that broach religious topics are Chris Adrian and Pinckney Benedict; the former who wrote of the Noah’s ark-like novel Children’s Hospital, and the latter who writes of professional animal exorcists and daredevil motorcyclist preachers. We need religious fiction that does not merely replay the stylistic approaches of previous generations because we live in a new age, with new neurosis about frank religious dialogue and new cultural guidelines, and this requires a new vision.

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What Does It Mean to be an Artist?

“Many years later, when he had become famous — extremely famous, truth be told — Jed would be asked numerous times what it meant, in his eyes, to be an artist. He would find nothing very interesting or original to say, except one thing, which he would consequently repeat in each interview: to be an artist, in his view, was above all to be submissive. Someone who submitted himself to mysterious, unpredictable messages, that you would be led, for want of a better word and in the absence of any religious belief, to describe as intuitions, messages which nonetheless commanded you in an imperious and categorical manner, without leaving the slightest possibility of escape — except by losing any notion of integrity and self-respect. These messages could involve destroying a work, or even an entire body of work, to set off in a radically new direction, or even occasionally no direction at all, without having any project at all, or the slightest hope of continuing. It was thus, and only thus, that the artist’s condition could, sometimes, be described as difficult. It was also thus, and only thus, that it distinguished itself from other professions or trades.”

– Michel Houellebecq, “The Map and the Territory”

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Book Fight Podcast

Among the many literary podcasts eking out hardscrabble lives, the Book Fight podcast has won my heart. God knows I’ve listened to a spate of book podcasters, some of them talking about the wrong books and some of them talking about the right books but doing so drearily and some of them with voices nasally enough to thwart any concentrated listening. But Book Fight’s got soul. They got moxie. Most importantly, they have opinions — informed opinions — and often diverging opinions about the books in question, which makes them entertaining and educational to listen to even when you haven’t read the book they’re discussing.

The hosts Mike Ingram and Tom Mcallister, who are editors at Barrelhouse and have a long-running joke about a blood feud with Hobart, both went to the Iowa Writers Workshop. They teach, they write. But what they have is this camaraderie,  this easygoing banter that makes it seem as though they’re oblivious to the recording device and have had a few beers (this is likely true, given the noise of knocking bottles/cans over) and have been friends forever (which is true). You can’t manufacture their synergy — no, that’s a hideous word. So corporate. You can’t manufacture their jive. Wait, that won’t work, they’re white. Let’s put it this way: they work really well with each other, digging into what the other person is saying, running with a humorous turn of phrase, unafraid to let crazy claim cascade upon crazy claim until various eccentric threats are uttered and they veer back to the book at hand. You, the listener, will probably learn things. You’ll most certainly have fun.

While some people — you know who you are — might get annoyed by the occasional rabbit trail during Book Fight, these aforementioned people must be lacking a sense of humor. Because this podcast is hilarious. I laugh out loud — no, guffaw, truly — at least 3.5 times an episode (it has been as high as 7). The humor’s always interspersed with some pretty serious discussion, though. This is a show that can veer from booger-picking to a discussion on the omniscient third and back again.

Some of my favorite episodes are the “Writers Ask” ones, in which people send in questions. The content of the replies — once they get past the obligatory joking — is good, but the best part is the manner in which they respond. It’s particularly entertaining to hear Tom get livid about National Novel Writing Month, or for both of them to decry submission fees (one of the few things they agree on).

Listen. Listen and then throw them a few bucks, or throw their sponsors a few bucks. Because they’re doing good work for the literary community. Because from keeping this blog up for the last six years I know how much time it takes to do good work. Because you want to celebrate their joy for literature. Because you want to keep listening.

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Late Blooming Writers

Emma Straub on late blooming writers:

The other glorious, inspiring truth is that some people are naturally late bloomers. Leonard Cohen didn’t release his first album until he was 32. Julia Child didn’t move to Paris until she was 36, and she didn’t get her famous television show until she was 51. Wallace Stevens didn’t publish any poems until he was 38. A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Prabhupada didn’t found the Hare Krishna movement until he was 70. There is time for all of us to figure out what it is we want to do—and to change our minds over and over again, if necessary. No one is timing you. Let me repeat that: no one is timing you.

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